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Sains Malaysiana 54(5)(2025): 1417-1426
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5405-17
Gene Expression Analysis Shows Anticancer Mechanism of Acacia podalyriifolia Ethanol Extract on MCF7 Cells
(Analisis Ekspresi Gen Menunjukkan Mekanisme Antikanser Ekstrak Etanol Acacia podalyriifolia pada Sel MCF7)
ARYO TEDJO1,2,3,*,
ROSMALENA1, AJENG MEGAWATI FAJRIN1, NORMA NUR AZIZAH2,
BERNA ELYA4 & NAJIHAH BINTI MOHD HASHIM5
1Department
of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
2Drug
Development Research Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research
Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
3Master’s
Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
4Department
of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
5Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Received:
25 May 2024/Accepted: 3 January 2025
Abstract
Breast
cancer, particularly luminal A subtype, remains a significant challenge due to
its resistance to certain therapies. Therefore, discovering new anticancer
agents is critical. MCF7 cancer cells are commonly used as a model for studying
luminal A breast cancer and screening potential anticancer compounds. This
study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of Acacia podalyriifolia leaves ethanol extract on MCF7 cells by exploring its effects on the expression
of genes involved in the p53 signaling pathway. Differentially Expressed Genes
(DEGs) analysis was performed on GSE208731 and GSE233242 obtained from the Gene
Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify genes consistently regulated
between MCF7 cells and luminal A breast cancer from patients or common DEG.
The analysis identified several DEG,
including CDKN1A (p21), GADD45A, CCNE1, CDK2, and E2F1, which are associated
with the p53 signaling pathway. In this study, MCF7 cells were treated with IC50 dose of extract (154.52 µg/mL) was performed using the MTT assay. Then, gene expression analysis was performed using
quantitative PCR (qPCR) to evaluate the impact on p53-related genes/common
DEG. The
extract significantly downregulated CCNE1 and E2F1, which are downstream genes
in the p53 signaling pathway responsible for regulating the cell cycle. This
downregulation led to cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell proliferation,
suggesting the potential of Acacia podalyriifolia as a candidate
anticancer agent for luminal A breast cancer.
Keywords: Acacia podalyriifolia; cell cycle
arrest; differentially
expressed genes; luminal A; MCF7 cells
Abstrak
Kanser payudara, terutamanya subjenis luminal A, kekal sebagai cabaran besar disebabkan oleh rintangannya terhadap terapi tertentu. Oleh itu, penemuan agen antikanser yang baharu adalah amat penting. Sel kanser MCF7 lazimnya digunakan sebagai model untuk mengkaji kanser payudara luminal A dan menyaring sebatian antikanser yang berpotensi. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi antikanser ekstrak etanol daun Acacia podalyriifolia terhadap sel MCF7 dengan meneliti kesannya ke atas ekspresi gen yang terlibat dalam laluan isyarat p53. Analisis Gen Terekspresi Berbeza (DEGs) dijalankan ke atas set data GSE208731 dan
GSE233242 yang diperoleh daripada pangkalan data Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) untuk mengenal pasti gen yang dikawal secara tekal antara sel MCF7 dan sel kanser payudara luminal A daripada pesakit. Analisis ini mengenal pasti beberapa DEG, termasuk CDKN1A (p21), GADD45A, CCNE1, CDK2 dan E2F1 yang berkaitan dengan laluan isyarat p53. Dalam kajian ini, sel MCF7 dirawat dengan ekstrak dos IC50 (154.52 µg/mL) yang diperoleh melalui ujian MTT. Seterusnya, analisis ekspresi gen dilakukan menggunakan PCR kuantitatif (qPCR) untuk menilai kesan ke atas gen berkaitan p53/DEG bersama. Ekstrak tersebut didapati menurunkan ekspresi CCNE1 dan
E2F1 dengan ketara, iaitu gen hiliran dalam laluan isyarat p53 yang bertanggungjawab mengawal kitaran sel. Pengawalaturan rendah ekspresi ini membawa kepada penahanan kitaran sel dan perencatan percambahan sel, menunjukkan potensi A. podalyriifoliasebagai calon agen antikanser untuk kanser payudara luminal A.
Kata kunci: Acacia podalyriifolia; gen yang diekspresikan berbeza; luminal A; penahanan kitaran sel; sel MCF7
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*Corresponding author;
email: aryo.tedjo@ui.ac.id
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